作者: system

Teaching children to stay away from violence

文章作者作者: system
文章發佈日期 03/07/2023
在〈Teaching children to stay away from violence〉中尚無留言

Parenting Tips

system

Written by : Dr. Hui Long Kit

In today’s society with advanced information and fast-paced information dissemination, children inevitably come into contact with various healthy and unhealthy information from a young age. For example, social networks are filled with verbal violence, and computer and mobile games are filled with bloody fights and war violence, which may lead to imitative behavior in the next generation.

From a biological perspective, violence is an inherent instinct of living beings; otherwise, survival would be impossible in the law of the jungle. Newborn babies are closest to their instincts, but the cultivation of rationality is a matter of upbringing and the responsibility of parents.

Parents should try to guide their children to reflect on the harm of violence:

1. Violence cannot solve people’s problems; it can only solve the problems of those who are problematic.

2.We live in a world full of challenges. Since rationality cannot solve all problems, violence certainly cannot.

3.Rationality sows the seeds of civilization, while violence spreads the poison of hatred in society.

4.”An eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth”? When will the cycle of revenge end?

5.When others have different opinions from you, can you try to think: What common ground do we share? What can we share together?

6.There are no two identical individuals in the world. If violence is used to eliminate others just because they are different from you, the demise

of humanity is not far away.

7.Schools teach Chinese history and Western history, and the history of humanity is a history of violence. Regarding the last global war – World

War II, it was a self-inflicted massacre of the entire human race, resulting in the annihilation of a population equivalent to ten times that of

Hong Kong. What problems did it actually solve?

8.Excluding individual regional conflicts, today’s era of peace and the stable, prosperous, and harmonious state of society are by no means

inevitable.

9.Only with social stability and world peace can humanity have the space to pursue knowledge, advance technology, develop the economy,

and improve social and cultural life. Only by distancing ourselves from violence can humanity have a future.

教導孩子遠離暴力

文章作者作者: system
文章發佈日期 03/07/2023
在〈教導孩子遠離暴力〉中尚無留言

家長錦囊

system

撰文：許龍杰醫生

現今的社會資訊發達，訊息傳播速度快，小朋友自小就無可避免接觸各種健康和不健康的資訊。例如社交網絡充斥語言暴力，電腦和手機遊戲更是充滿血腥打鬥和戰爭暴力，結果可能令下一代有樣學樣。

從生物學的角度看，暴力是生物的天性本能，否則在弱肉強食的森林裡，就不能存活。剛出生的孩子，離本能最近，但理性的培養，卻是後天的功夫，也是家長的責任。

家長應嘗試引導孩子，反思暴力的禍害：

暴力不能解決人的問題，只能解決有問題的人。

我們活在一個充滿難題的世界，既然理性也解決不了的難題，用暴力更不能解決。

理性為人類埋下文明的種子，暴力為社會散播仇恨的毒素。

以牙還牙，以眼還眼？冤冤相報何時了？

當別人和你想法不一樣，可否嘗試想一想：大家有甚麼共同點？有甚麼可以一起分享呢？

世界上沒有兩個相同的人，假如只因對方和你不同，就用暴力消滅對方，那人類的滅亡就為時不遠。

學校有教中國歷史和西方歷史，而人類的歷史就是暴力的歷史。對上一次的全球大戰 ─ 第二次世界大戰，全人類自相殘殺，消滅了 10 個香港的人口，結果解決了甚麼問題呢？

不計個別地區衝突，今日全人類的和平盛世，社會的穩定繁華和和平福樂的境況，絕非必然。

只有社會穩定，世界和平，人類才有空間追求學問，推進科技，發展經濟，改善社會文化生活。只有遠離暴力，人類才有將來。

Be cautious about home safety to prevent accidents from happening

文章作者作者: system
文章發佈日期 12/06/2023
在〈Be cautious about home safety to prevent accidents from happening〉中尚無留言

Parenting Tips

system

Source: Emergency Room Specialist Dr. Cheung Hei Lok

There are hidden dangers in the home, and children can easily get injured with just one careless moment. What should be taken into consideration when arranging the home to prevent children from getting injured?

One common household accident is children getting their fingers caught. Sometimes, due to strong winds, doors may slam shut or someone may accidentally close the door, resulting in finger injuries. Therefore, it is important to always lock the door when entering or leaving, or at least keep the keys out of reach. Parents can also use adhesive materials to secure the door latch so that even if it closes, fingers won’t get caught, or use door stoppers to reduce the risk of finger injuries.

In the kitchen, it is advisable to install a kitchen gate or ensure that the kitchen door is securely closed, preventing children from entering the kitchen. Parents should also teach children about fire safety from a young age. Fire is both useful and dangerous, so it should be handled with great care.

In addition, medications can also pose a danger. Sometimes, even consuming a single pill can be risky for children, so medications should be stored properly, especially in a medicine cabinet. Medicine boxes should be placed in higher positions that are out of reach of children, ensuring greater safety.

We should also be cautious about children climbing on things, such as bunk beds, higher beds, and sofas, as they may fall. In addition to educating them, we can assess which areas pose a higher risk and place some cushioning there, so that even if they fall, it won’t be as severe. Of course, education is always the most important aspect, and we should also try to prevent them from accessing these dangerous areas.

In Hong Kong, living spaces are often small, and we tend to use tall cabinets to store many items. When there are too many things, it can increase the risk of the cabinet toppling over. Therefore, we should personally check whether the cabinet is easily swayed. When placing items, it is important to put heavier items at the bottom and lighter items on top, so that the cabinet is less likely to tip over.

Another important aspect of home safety is to install window grilles. Children may climb on windows, which poses a greater risk compared to general home safety issues, as it directly involves the risk of life-threatening situations.

家居安全要留神以免意外生

家長錦囊

system

資料來源：急症室專科醫生張喜樂

家居暗藏危機，只要一次不小心，小朋友就很容易受傷。家居設置有甚麼要注意，以防小朋友受傷？

一般比較常見的家居意外就是小朋友夾到手指，可能有時候因大風，吹至門關或是有人開門的時候，也會夾到手指的。所以我不論出入也好，都要先鎖門，至少將鑰匙放高一點。家長或者可以用一些膠狀的東西卡著門關，就算真的關門時他都不會夾到手指，或者用門栓來減少夾到手指的風險。

在廚房方面，最好就加上一道廚房門閘或是廚房門也要關好，讓小朋友不能進入廚房。家長也要從小就教導小朋友用火方面的知識，火是一件很危險的事，很有用也很危險，故要很小心地處理火。

另外，藥物亦是危險的一環。有時小朋友吃一顆已經很危險，所以藥物真是要妥善放置，特別要放置在藥櫃內。藥盒也要放到較高的位置，小朋友接觸不到的地方，這樣就會更安全。

我們也要小心小朋友喜歡爬來爬去，例如爬雙層床、較高的床及沙發等，有時他們可能會跌倒。除了我們要教育他外，我們也可以去想清楚哪些是高危位置，我們就在那些位置加些軟墊，跌倒也不會那麼傷。當然教育都是最重要的，或是不要讓他們有機會，接觸這些危險的地方。

香港單位狹小，我們也喜歡利用高櫃去放置很多物件。當東西過多時，可能使櫃倒下，所以我們自己也要去檢查，這個櫃是否容易搖動。如果要放東西，要放置得上輕下重，這樣櫃就不容易倒下。

家居安全另一重要的是窗要裝上窗花，因為小朋友會爬窗，那個危險性相比一般家居安全問題更加大，因為會直接牽涉到生命危險。

How to enhance the confidence of shy children?

文章作者作者: system
文章發佈日期 05/06/2023
在〈How to enhance the confidence of shy children?〉中尚無留言

Parenting Tips

system

Source: Family Marriage Therapist/Art Therapist, Ko Wing Oi

In reality, many parents feel that their children are shy and want to enhance their self-confidence so that they can have more confidence in talking to others. This actually depends on the child’s personality because sometimes children may be slower to warm up or feel more fearful about speaking to strangers. A child’s shyness may be related to their upbringing and experiences during their growth process.

In today’s busy world, many parents have limited opportunities to take their children out to play and interact with other children due to work commitments. This can gradually result in children only feeling comfortable communicating with older family members or siblings. When they encounter peers of the same age, they may not know how to play together. Additionally, many parents tend to speak on behalf of their children, especially when they are unable to express themselves. Sometimes parents may feel impatient and quickly guess what the child wants, saying things like, “Do you want this? Do you want that?” This often makes the child hesitant to express their true thoughts and feelings.

Parents unintentionally prevent their children from learning how to express themselves or become dependent on their parents to speak for them. However, there are various ways to help children communicate with other children or adults in different environments. For example, through interactive activities or games at home, parents can ask the child questions like, “If we meet other children to play at the playground, what can you do to join them?” Role-playing with family members can also be beneficial in helping children gain confidence in social interactions.

Children primarily learn from their environment, including their parents, siblings, school, friends, and even through sources like online news, television, or cartoons, where they learn behaviors and speech patterns. Therefore, when playing games at home, it’s important to set a good example and show them how to communicate, speak, and express themselves effectively.

Sometimes, it’s necessary to give children time to think about how to express themselves instead of rushing to speak for them or completing their sentences. Even if they make a mistake, it’s important not to say, “That’s not how you do it!” as it can scare the child. It’s better to analyze the situation together and discuss how it could have been done correctly. Parents should try to engage in more analysis with the child, asking questions like, “Why is it not okay to say it that way? Because speaking like that might hurt other children. How would you feel if someone spoke to you in that manner?” Teaching them different communication methods can help them interact with strangers and communicate effectively in different environments.

小朋友好害羞如何增強他們自信？

家長錦囊

system

資料來源：家庭婚姻治療師/藝術治療師高詠愛

現實中不少家長都覺得自己小朋友害羞，希望增強他們的自信心，讓他們多點信心跟別人說話。這其實要看小朋友本身的性格是怎樣，因為有時小朋友會比較慢熱，可能有些小朋友比較怕跟陌生人說話。小朋友較害羞可能跟他們的成長過程有關。

現在很多家長因為工作關係，甚少帶小朋友外出和其他小朋友一起玩和交流。這會慢慢會形成他只喜歡和年紀大過他的家人或兄姐溝通，當遇到同年紀較小的朋友時，他就不懂得怎樣一起玩。加上現時許多家長都會幫他們說話，例如他還不懂得表達自己的時候，家長有時可能比較心急：「你是不是想要那個東西？你是不是想這樣那樣。」這令小朋友很多時候他不敢說出心聲。

家長令孩子不懂得怎樣表達自己，或依賴了家長幫他們說話。其實透過很多方式，例如在家裡互動或玩遊戲，都可以幫助小朋友在不同環境跟其他小朋友或長輩溝通。例如透過簡單圖片的桌上遊戲，家長可以問小朋友：「如果我們在球場上遇到其他小朋友一起玩時，可以怎樣呢？如果你想一起玩，你可以怎樣做？」家人也可以跟小朋友進行角色扮演。

小朋友最主要從環境中學習，從他們的父母、兄弟姐妹、學校、朋友身上，甚至現在很多時會上網看新聞、電視或卡通片，學習一些行為或說話內容。所以在家裡玩遊戲時，都可以做一個好榜樣告訴他們應該怎樣溝通、怎樣去說或怎樣表達自己是最好的。

有時要給小朋友時間去思考如何表達自己，而不是搶著替他們說話或幫他們完成。就算他錯了，也不要說：「不是這樣的！」因為這樣會嚇到小朋友，最好是跟他分析整件事情，應該如何做才是正確的。家長應嘗試跟小朋友分析多點：「為甚麼不可以這麼說？因為這樣說話可能會傷害了其他小朋友。如果你這樣跟他說話時，你自己的感覺又會是如何？」當教懂他們一些溝通方法，亦可以幫助他們見到陌生人和在不同環境時去與人溝通。

How can parents help young children adapt to primary school life both psychologically and physically?

文章作者作者: system
文章發佈日期 15/05/2023
在〈How can parents help young children adapt to primary school life both psychologically and physically?〉中尚無留言

Parenting Tips

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Source: Professor Chiu Wing Kai, Chair Professor of Sociology at the Education University of Hong Kong.

It’s already been 3 months into 2023 and summer vacation will be coming soon, followed by the start of the new school year in September. For K3 students to start their primary school life. However, these students have spent most of their 3-year kindergarten education in online classes due to the pandemic, with little face-to-face interaction. How can parents help them adapt to their new academic and social life in terms of their psychological and physical well-being?

Students who are promoted to Primary 1 are at most at K2 level because they have not returned to school for at least one full year. There are many things they need to adapt to when transitioning from kindergarten to primary school. These include school schedules, daily routines, and learning styles that are vastly different from what they are used to. Kindergarten classes typically last for around 20 minutes, after which they move on to another subject, but in primary school, classes can be 35 minutes or longer, making it difficult for them to maintain their focus. All of these issues can create significant adaptation problems for young students.

So how can parents explain these changes to their children? Firstly, parents should not be too anxious, as many primary schools offer simulation courses and adaptation weeks for new students, as well as school visits. Primary schools are usually much larger than kindergartens, and young students may be excited about the various facilities and opportunities available to them. However, it is best to start talking to them once they begin school, as too much information too soon may be overwhelming. Simply telling them, “Yes, this is what school is like” is often enough.

Additionally, some things that young students may not be capable of now do not mean they cannot accomplish them, they just need time to grow and develop. Parents need to remember that every child has a different growth rate. After starting school, observe their emotional changes when they return home from school, and if you notice any issues, pay close attention to them

It takes time for young children to adapt, but sometimes parents also need to adapt. In kindergarten, we refer to it as the Homeroom(regular class location), where one teacher leads the class, and children usually only see one or two teachers. If parents need to participate or collaborate with the school, they can simply find that teacher. In primary school, each subject has different teachers, so if any issues arise, parents need to consider how to communicate with each teacher.

家長如何幫助幼童在心理同生理上適應小學生活？

家長錦囊

system

資料來源：香港教育大學社會學講座教授趙永佳教授

2023年已過了3個多月，暑假很快又會到，然後又到9月開學日。這意味著一班K3同學

準備迎接小學生活，但這班同學過去3年幼稚園生涯，大多都在疫情下的網課經過，甚少面授課程，又少機會與人接觸。家長可以如何幫助他們在心理和生理上適應升小生活？

升小一的同學最多只是等於K2程度，因為他們最少有一整年沒有回學校上課，而從幼稚園到小學，本來就已經有很多東西要適應，例如上學時間、在學校裡一些生活上的細節，甚至整個周期和學習模式都不同了。幼稚園一節課大約20分鐘左右，然後已經要轉另一節課，但是在小學可能是35分鐘或以上，很難維持集中力，所有這些問題，都會對小朋友造成很大的適應問題。

如何跟小朋友說明幼小交接的變化才是最好呢？首先家長不要太緊張，有很多小學會舉辦模擬課程，會有適應週，亦可參觀學校。小學比幼稚園大，小朋友可能會感到很高興，因為有很多不同的設備，他可能會有很多期待。但是我覺得有些事情要先開始才知道，太早和他說太多也沒有用，只能告訴他：「對，學校就是這樣。」

另外，有些事情小朋友現在還未能做到，並不代表他做不到，要待他長大。家長很多時候都是這樣，有些事情是沒有辦法，不能勉強的，而是要等待小朋友成長到那個階段才能做到，要記住每個小朋友的成長速度都不同。剛開學後他們放學回來，可觀察他情感的轉變，如果看到他有這些情況就要注意了。

小朋友的適應是需要時間的，但有時家長也要適應。在幼稚園我們稱為Homeroom（固定上課地點），由一名老師帶領，所以小朋友只會經常看到一兩位老師。如果在家長參與或家校協作時，很簡單只要找回那位老師便可。在小學，每個科目都有不同的老師，所以有時候出現狀況時，我們就要思考怎樣和老師溝通。

How do you teach children correct pronunciation?

文章作者作者: system
文章發佈日期 08/05/2023
在〈How do you teach children correct pronunciation?〉中尚無留言

Parenting Tips

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Source: Speech therapist, Miss Carley

When children learn a language, pronunciation is also an important aspect. There are many pronunciations in English that are not found in Cantonese and are difficult for both children and adults to master. How can parents teach children to pronounce English correctly? What are some tips to use?

The English tongue’s sounds can be difficult for children and even adults to master. We can try to use different cueing techniques to teach children to pronounce the sounds correctly. For example, parents can use visual cues, such as looking in the mirror with the child and showing him the tip of his tongue, placed between the two rows of teeth.

In addition, parents can also use verbal cues to clearly tell the child, “Put your tongue in the middle of your two rows of teeth,” so that they know what to do. When necessary, parents can also provide tactile cues, such as using a popsicle stick or spoon to touch the tongue and showing them where to place it for different sounds.

Parents can also try playing simple games with their children to train their listening skills, such as whether they can distinguish between right and wrong in terms of hearing. For example, intentionally mispronouncing a word: “Is ‘fank you’ correct? No, it’s not.” “Is ‘thank you’ correct? Yes, it is.”

This time we have to bite our teeth on the tongue or write the words “free” and “three” on a piece of paper, and then the parent reads out one of the words “three” “You show me which one” and reads “free”, “You show me which one”. If he knows how to distinguish, it will be clearer and easier for him to express himself.

家長園地家長園地家長園地家長園地家長園地家長園地

如何教小朋友正確發音？

家長錦囊

system

資料來源：言語治療師Miss Carley

小朋友學習語言，發音也是重要一環。英文的很多發音是廣東話裡沒有的，不論對小朋友或大人，都是較難掌握。家長可以如何教導小朋友正確發音呢？有甚麼小法寶可以使用？

英語裡的咬舌音對於小朋友甚至大人來說，也是比較難掌握的。我們可以嘗試運用不同的提示技巧，教導小朋友正確的發音。用這發音作例子，其實家長可以嘗試用一些視覺的提示，譬如可以和小朋友一起望著鏡子，讓他看見自己的舌頭，放置於兩排牙齒的中間。

另外，家長也可以用口頭提示，我們要明確向小朋友說：「你的舌頭要放在兩排牙齒中間。」讓他知道要怎樣做。有必要的時候，家長可以加上所謂觸覺的提示。譬如用雪條棒或用匙羹這樣碰著舌頭，要放在兩排牙齒中間，讓他知道不同的發音部位，舌頭要如何放置。

家長也可以嘗試和小朋友玩些簡單遊戲，來訓練他們的聽辨能力，就是小朋友在聽覺方面能否辨認得到對或不對，譬如家長故意讀錯字：「fank you對不對？不對」「thank you對不對？對了」這次我們牙齒要咬著舌頭，又或在紙寫上free和three這兩個字，然後家長讀出其中一個three 「你指給我看是哪一個」；Free「你又指給我看是哪一個」。如果他懂得分辨，在表達上來就更加清楚和容易。